Schlegel was at one time

Schlegel was at one time Post Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2008 10:30:55 +0000
Before his death he was professor at Tubingen. His Com- plexe Zahlen was at first little read, and we must turn to Victor ScMegel of Hagen as the successful interpreter of Grass mann. Schlegel was at one time a young colleague of Grass- maun at the Marienstifts-Gyrrmasiuin in Stettin.

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1. - After which, the preliminary measures Post Date: Sun, 27 Jul 2008 17:42:27 +0000
Taking, therefore, their cue from this, Menshikov and Tolstoi, on Peters death becoming imminent, set on foot their agitation on behalf of Catherine and themselves, and, as a first step, sought to tamper with the loyalty of the army in general, and with the loyalty of the Guards in par- ticular. And this, as it happened, proved to be no very arduous task, in that the Guards, already devoted to their creator, were inclined also to be devoted to his ex-vivandieye Consort, whilst in addition they received a promise that their participation in the plot should ensure to them a monetary largesse, relief from certain disliked duties, and all their outstanding arrears of pay. After which, the preliminary measures taken, it remained only to conduct the Guards officers to bid the dying and speechless Tsar farewell, and then to procure with the Tsaritsa an interview during which the officers swore many sobbed as they did so that they would rather die at her feet than allow anyone else than herself to ascend the throne.

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2. - And, having entered, these Guards Post Date: Sun, 27 Jul 2008 17:30:08 +0000
Meanwhile the opposing, the Golitzin, faction remained sitting with folded hands, and did nothing; and even when, at a late hour on 28 January, the Senate and its fellow high dignitaries of State met together at the Palace, and entered upon a delibera- tion as to who ought properly to succeed the Tsar, and indulged in intermin- able disputes as to the dying Emperors wishes, those Senators and the rest still committed the folly of not seeking light in the only quarter whence light might have been expected to come, namely, in the Law of 5 February, but kept sending for Makarov, Peters private secretary, and asking him if he knew anything about the disputed question, and each time receiving a negative reply. But at last, just when the adherents of the Grand Duke had offered to strike a bargain with their opponents had said: "We propose that the Grand Duke shall be raised to the Throne, but Catherine and the Senate rule until he come of age," and the wily Tolstoi had risen to ridicule the proposal with his usual dialectical skill, an interruption came from a corner of the conference hall in the shape of the entry of some Guards officers brought thither no one knew how, or by whom. And, having entered, these Guards officers fell to enacting the part of the Chorus in ancient Greek drama, of the bevy of stage characters which reflects aloud upon the play, but takes no part in the plays action.

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3. - Upon this Post Date: Sun, 27 Jul 2008 17:17:10 +0000
Nor were the opinions voiced by the officers so wanting in frankness as not to approach very closely to insolence, especi- ally as regards a, for some reason, very frequently expressed remark that any boyarin who should be found offering opposition to "Our Little Mother Katerina" would have his head broken. Then from the square before the Palace there resounded a drum-beat, and in front of the building the two Regiments of Guards, summoned thither, like their officers, no one quite knew how, or by whom, were seen to be deploying into line. Upon this.

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4. - " What the Guards most relied Post Date: Sun, 27 Jul 2008 17:00:56 +0000
Prince Repnin, President of the Collegium of War, exclaimed angrily : " Who hath dared send for these my regiments without the bidding of their Field Marshal, myself." but the Semenovskis commanding officer, Buturlin, calmly replied that the summoner of the troops had been himself, in pur- suance of an order from the Tsaritsa, "unto whom let her every subject, including thyself" a suggestive touch "now render allegiance." What the Guards most relied upon for ensurance of acceptance of their action was a suggestion that, by having the Tsaritsa crowned during the previous year, the Tsar had meant to indicate that, under this Law of 5 February, she was to become his successor.

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5. - " Thus not a word was Post Date: Sun, 27 Jul 2008 16:45:19 +0000
So in due form the Senators proclaimed her "Autocrat Empress," and, having thus abrogated the Law of 5 February through their own interpretation of it, issued, on behalf of themselves, of the Synod, and of the General Staff (even though neither the one nor the other had taken part in the conference), a Manifesto in which Catherines accession was set forth, not as a mere Senatorial-electoral act, but as an actual Senatorial interpretation of the deceased Tsars will. And, that done, it remained only for the Senate to invest Catherine with the Crown and Imperial Unction, and then to publish a proclamation to the effect that the Senate desired all men to know what had been done, and, on the strength of it, render "Catherine, Autocrat of All the Russias, faithful service." Thus not a word was said about a Zemski Sobor, hitherto the legal and fundamental source of successional right in the absence of an Imperial heir.

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6. - Throughout it the Government never Post Date: Sun, 27 Jul 2008 16:33:10 +0000
No, for the first time ancient usage was made to yield to present actuality, and the more easily in that, though it was to the time-honoured form of election by Sobor that Peter himself had owed his position, action on Peters own part during his reign had rendered that assembly obsolete, and all men save the outspoken Pososhkov had forgotten it Pososhkov alone venturing to recall the occasion of the assemblys last meeting, which had been when representatives of all the social classes had been summoned to frame the Ulozhenie. As things turned out, Catherines reign proved to be a brief one only. Throughout it the Government never ceased to court the Guards, as may be seen from the Governments own notices in the Official Gazette, which show the authorities to have been so anxious to cultivate the Guards favour that actually they induced the Empress to receive the Corps officers in her tent at reviews, and tender them wine with her own hands ! Against this there remains the fact that the favour shown to the Corps helped to make Catherines two-years reign a reign of peace; and to the same result contributed the fact that her interference in State matters was as scanty as was her comprehension of them her prime solicitude being enjoyment of her private life, which was so irregular that, corpulent and unhealthy though she was, she would remain sitting at banquets with her intimates until five oclock in the morning, and leave the administration of the country to look after itself.

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7. - And all the time there Post Date: Sun, 27 Jul 2008 16:20:48 +0000
In fact, a foreign ambassador says of that administration that "in it there was not a man with a thought for aught else than what he might steal therefrom," and that especially as regards the closing year of her life, Catherines various whims cost the country a sum approaching to an equivalent of 6,500,000 (modern) roubles. And all the time there were mal- contents drinking healths to the dispossessed Grand Duke. And all the time there were police carrjang out daily hangings of incautious babblers.

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8. - From Catherine the Catherine-Menshikov party Post Date: Sun, 27 Jul 2008 16:00:52 +0000
And all the time the representatives of foreign Governments were reporting these things to their principals. Peter II also had his road to the throne prepared by a Guards-assisted court intrigue. From Catherine the Catherine-Menshikov party, of course, wished to see the throne to devolve to one of the Empresss daughters, but public opinion supported the view that, as Peter I s grandson, the Grand Duke was the lawful heir, and when a feud threatened between the nephews adherents and those of the aunts, that is to say, between the family of Peters first wife and the belongings of his second (in other words, between the States two agelong sources of trouble, sources bound to exist where the court resembled a fortified manor), the wily Ostermann sought to smoothe the contestants hackles with a proposal that the twelve-year-old nephew should marry his ovm seventeen-year-old aunt Elizabeth.

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9. - However that may be Post Date: Sun, 27 Jul 2008 15:50:12 +0000
In fact, he even attempted to justify this consanguineous union with references to Biblical and primitive methods of race propagation, until Catherine herself could not but cold-shoulder the scheme. Then the brains of certain foreign ambas- sadors evolved a plan, and a still more brilliant one, for conciliating the two hostile parties : and it lay in a proposal that Menshikov should change over to the grandson, and, that done, endeavour to persuade the Empress to make him, the grandson, her successor on condition that he, the grandson, married his, Menshikovs daughter, who at the time was even younger, by a year or two, than the Grand Dukes seventeen-year-old aunt ! And finally, when the brief malady preceding Catherines death in 1727 seized her in its grip, the members of the three chief administrative institutions (the Supreme Privy Council created of Catherine herself, the Senate, and the Synod) assembled in the Palace, and, with the Presidents of Colleges and the com- manding officers of the Guards (who had now come to be a sort of State corporation, and a necessary consenting party before any grave political matter could be decided), discussed the question of the Empresss successor: with the result that, as this conclave expressed a marked preference for the grandson over Peters daughters, Catherine reluctantly appointed that grandson her heir though during the last few days of her life, it is said, she again and again told Menshikov that she would much rather have be- queathed the throne to her daughter Elizabeth, and that she had sub- mitted only because otherwise her reign might not end in peace. However that may be, a deathbed will was framed in haste, and as hastily signed, for the Empress, by the Princess Elizabeth: but though this will, an instru- ment having for its primary purpose a reconciliation of the two mutually hostile factions, or sets of adherents, represented by Peters two families, nominated to the throne, alternatively, Peters grandson, the Tsarevna Anna, the Tsarevna Elizabeth, and the Grand Duchess Natalia (sister to Peter II.

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10. - No, the sole significance Post Date: Sun, 27 Jul 2008 15:38:58 +0000
), and, again alternatively, any possible issue or posterity of those persons, who were severally to ascend the throne if his or her predecessor died childless, the will has no real importance in the history of the Imperial succession, since with the death of the next-succeeding heir, Peter II., the throne began to change hands in such an order as even the most far-sighted Imperial testament could never have foreseen. No, the sole significance or status in the history of our Imperial successional legislation possessed by Catherines will is due to the fact that it did at least import into that legisla- tion, if not a new norm, at all events a new tendency, since at one and the same time it took its stand upon the Law of Peter I and sought to fill that Laws legislative gaps in both cases with a view to finally establishing a legal and permanent successional order and to regulating the Sovereigns office in such a manner that the regulations themselves should constitute a fundamental law on the subject.

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