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Between 1830 and 1840 Post Date: Fri, 25 Jul 2008 12:52:27 +0000 Thus, James Bernoulli considered elastic laminae; Daniel Bernoulli and Euler investigated vibrating rods; Lagrange and Euler, the equilibrium of springs and columns. The earliest investiga tions of this century, by Thomas Young (" Young s modulus of elasticity ") in England, Binet in France, and Gr Plana in Italy, were chiefly occupied in extending and correcting the earlier labours. Between 1830 and 1840 the broad outline of the modern theory of elasticity was established. Autor of the post: Undefined The boy was put out Post Date: Fri, 25 Jul 2008 12:35:55 +0000 This was accom plished almost exclusively by French writers, Louis-Marie- Henri JSTavier (1785-1836), Poisson, Cauchy, Mademoiselle Sophie Germain (1776-1831), Felix Savart (1791-1841). Simeon Denis Poisson 94 (1781-1840) was born at Pithiviers. The boy was put out to a nurse, and he used to tell that when his father (a common soldier) came to see him one day, the nurse had gone out and left him suspended by a thin cord to a nail in the wall in order to protect him from perishing under the teeth of the carnivorous and unclean animals that roamed on the floor. Autor of the post: Undefined His talents excited the inter Post Date: Fri, 25 Jul 2008 12:24:48 +0000 Poisson used to add that his gymnastic efforts when thus siispended caused him to swing back and forth, and thus to gain an early familiarity with the pendulum, the study of which occupied him much in his maturer life. His father destined him for the medical profession, but so repugnant was this to him that he was permitted to enter the Polytechnic School at the age of seventeen. His talents excited the inter est of Lagrange and Laplace. Autor of the post: Undefined He prepared some 400 publications Post Date: Fri, 25 Jul 2008 12:13:48 +0000 At eighteen he wrote a memoir on finite differences which was printed on the recommendation of Legendre. He soon became a lecturer at the school, and continued through life to hold various government scientific posts and professorships. He prepared some 400 publications, mainly on applied mathematics. Autor of the post: Undefined He was considered one Post Date: Fri, 25 Jul 2008 11:59:27 +0000 His Traite de Mfaanique, 2 vols, 1811 and 1833, was long a standard work. He wrote on the mathematical theory of heat, capillary action, proba bility of judgment, the mathematical theory of electricity and magnetism, physical astronomy, the attraction of ellipsoids, definite integrals, series, and the theory of elasticity. He was considered one of the leading analysts of his time. Autor of the post: Undefined The equilibrium and motion Post Date: Fri, 25 Jul 2008 11:47:45 +0000 His work on elasticity is hardly excelled by that of Cauchy, and second only to that of Saint-Venant. There is hardly a problem in elasticity to which he has not contributed, while many of his inquiries were new. The equilibrium and motion of a circular plate was first successfully treated by him. Autor of the post: Undefined But Thomson and Tait Post Date: Fri, 25 Jul 2008 11:34:40 +0000 Instead of the definite integrals of earlier writers, he used preferably finite summations. Poisson s contour conditions for elastic plates were objected to by Gustav Kirehhoff of Berlin, who established new conditions. But Thomson and Tait in their Treatise on Natural Philosophy have explained the discrepancy between Poisson s and KirchhofPs boundary conditions, and established a reconciliation between them. Autor of the post: Undefined He anticipated Green and Stokes Post Date: Fri, 25 Jul 2008 11:17:40 +0000 Important contributions to the theory of elasticity were made by Cauchy. To him we owe the origin of the theory of stress, and the transition from the consideration of the force upon a molecule exerted by its neighbours to the con sideration of the stress upon a small plane at a point. He anticipated Green and Stokes in giving the equations of iso- tropic elasticity with two constants. Autor of the post: Undefined Weber was also the first Post Date: Fri, 25 Jul 2008 11:00:06 +0000 The theory of elasticity was presented by Gabrio Piola of Italy according to the prin ciples of Lagrange s Mtcanique Analytique, but the superiority of this method over that of Poisson and Cauchy is far from evident. The influence of temperature on stress was first investigated experimentally by Wilhelm Weber of Gottingen, and afterwards mathematically by Duhamel, who, assuming Poisson s theory of elasticity, examined the alterations of form which the formulae undergo when we allow for changes of temperature. Weber was also the first to experiment on elastic after-strain. Autor of the post: Undefined Vicat boldly attacked the mathematical Post Date: Fri, 25 Jul 2008 10:49:35 +0000 Other important experiments were made by different scientists, which disclosed a wider range of phenomena and demanded a more comprehensive theory. Set was investigated by Gerstner (1756-1832) and Eaton Hodgkinson, while the latter physicist in England and Yicat (1786-1861) in Prance experimented extensively on absolute strength. Vicat boldly attacked the mathematical theories of flexure because they failed to consider shear and the time-ele ment. 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